Essay on Fight Aganist Transnational Organized Crimes

1. Introduction Human Rights passed the important stages of development since 2nd World War and became an influential factor in international relations. At the same time, transnational crime has showed a significant increase. In this sense, the international community has reacted by establishing strong legal mechanisms and intensifying the preparation process of international agreements for the creation of a more favorable climate. Extradition is regarded as an effective tool in the fight against transnational organized crimes. Inevitable, there are divergences on the inclusion of human rights through the extradition process in terms of international treaties and domestic laws of the countries. More importantly extradition process†¦show more content†¦With the inherent difficulties of bilateral mechanisms and implications of obligations, there has been an increasing resort to regional and possible universal regulation systems in the context of extradition. Notwithstanding important points, there are significant controversial arguments, divergences between regional and bilateral treaties which cover basically human rights aspect of extradition procedure. However, main regulations of current treaties play an important role to define the categories of extraditable offences, obligations of states and human rights aspect of extradition at international and regional level. As one of the first regional instruments for extradition, European Convention on Extradition signed in 1957 serves for harmonization of extradition relations and development of mutual assistance amongst European states. Under this regional mechanism, states have to be more sensitive for human rights factor while extraditing suspects more than ever. Article 11 of the European Convention on Extradition which excludes extradition unless the requesting Party gives reasonable assurance that death penalty will not be executed. Furthermore, the fact that this convention is unable to limit the political applicat ion of political crimes which opens opportunities to abuse by subjects. The European Union Members achieved to tackle this problem by signing the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism which entered into force in 1977. Outside

Organizational Behaviour Leading Change

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviourfor Leading Change. Answer: Introduction This report has been developed upon the article named Leading Change written by Jhon P. Kotter (2007). In this article it has been discussed why transformation efforts fail in organization. In this article, it has been mentioned by the author that, ultimate test of a leader is to guide change. It has also been mentioned that no business is able to survive for long term, if it is not able reinvent itself over time. In this report, at first the objective of this article has been discussed. After that, summery of this article has been provided. In this section, the concepts of transformation and change management have been discussed. Finally, the applicability of these concepts in real life scenario has been discussed in this report. Objective of the Srticle The major objective of this article is to find out why transformation efforts given by an organization often become unsuccessful. This article has highlighted eight major success factor of change. It includes factors such as creation of urgency, giving value to short term wins and making change in organizational culture. Summary of the Article Over the last few decades, there are more than 100 companies all over the world have tried to reinvent themselves and tried to become better competitors. It includes companies such as Ford, General Motors, British Airways and Eastern Airways. These companies have taken these efforts under different banners. They are such as reengineering, cultural change, total quality management, restructuring and turnaround. However, it had been analyzed that in most of the cases, the basic goal of these strategies are to find out how business is conducted so that it can cope up with the challenging and competing business environment. It has been found that most of these change management strategies are considered as utter failure. Companies have to learn their lessons from successful change management cases. They have to understand that successful change management plan has to go through a number of phases (Frankel 2012). They also need to understand that error in any of these stages may have deva stating impact on the overall organizational change. Bratton and Gold (2012) stated that, as most of the people have very little knowledge about renewing companies, even the most capable people makes one big error in the process. It has been found that there eight major errors that can make an organizational change unsuccessful. They are such as: Not developing enough sense of urgency Not developing enhanced guiding coalition Lack of vision Inappropriate communication of the vision Not removing the upcoming obstacles from the vision Improper planning for creating short term wins Soon declaration of victory Not guiding changes properly into the organizational culture It has been found that these are the eight major mistakes that people do within a company in terms of organizational change. However, there are also many other mistakes can be found. According to Von Krogh (2012), most of the organizational mistakes are messy and they are also full of surprises. Analyzing the Applicability of the Concepts Depending on these issues found in this article in the context of organizational change, eight phases have been developed that can transform a company. They are mentioned below: Development of a Sense of Urgency The management team of an organization has examine the market properly and the competition within the industry (Kotter 2007). They have conduct SWOT analysis and address the potential crises and opportunities that the organization has presently. It will help the management of an origination to develop proper sense of urgency. Developing an Enhanced Guiding Coalition In this phase, the management team of an organization has to develop a group with enough power that can lead to change effort. The management has to encourage all the groups to work together as a team. Maintaining team spirit will help to enhance effectiveness of the organizational change. Creating Proper Organizational Vision Top management of a company has to develop a vision that can help to guide the effort of change (Lane et al. 2015). They also have to develop strategies in order achieve that vision. Communicating this Organizational Vision with every Member of the Company The management team has to use all the available resources to communicate that organizational vision with all employees and stakeholders. Empowering others to Work on the Vision Davoudi et al. (2012) stated that most of the organizational change has to face resistance or obstacles. The management team has to work efficiently to get rid of the obstacles so that the change initiative becomes successful. They have to empower other and accept nontraditional ideas and activities. Often the company has to change the organizational structure, in order to make the change vision successful. Developing Appropriate Plan for Short Term Win The management team has to develop an appropriate plan for visible performance improvement. Quinn et al. (2012) stated that, the management team also has to recognize and reward employees based on their performance as well. Making Improvement Plan and Initiating more Changes The management has to change the organizational structures, policies and working culture if they do not fit with the vision. They have to reinvigorating the change management system with new themes, projects and change agents (Kotter 2007). The company has to hire, promote, support and develop employees who are fit with the change vision. Addressing New Approaches The company management has to articulate the link between the corporate success and new behaviour. They also have to develop the system that enhances leadership development and success of an organization. Conclusion In this assignment, critical analysis for the article named leading change has been done. It has been found from this article that most of the change management decisions fail due to eight common mistakes. It has been found that paralyzed top management often comes from too many managers and not enough leaders. It conclusion it can be mentioned that change by definition requires a new system that always demands for leadership support. For this reason, an eight phase model of organizational change has been developed in this article. Reference List Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L.J., Quinlan, A.E., Peterson, G.D., Wilkinson, C., Fnfgeld, H., McEvoy, D., Porter, L. and Davoudi, S., 2012. Resilience: A Bridging Concept or a Dead End?Reframing Resilience: Challenges for Planning Theory and Practice Interacting Traps: Resilience Assessment of a Pasture Management System in Northern Afghanistan Urban Resilience: What Does it Mean in Planning Practice? Resilience as a Useful Concept for Climate Change Adaptation? The Politics of Resilience for Planning: A Cautionary Note: Edited by Simin Davoudi and Libby Porter.Planning Theory Practice,13(2), pp.299-333. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Frankel, E.G., 2012.Management of technological change: the great challenge of management for the future. Springer Science Business Media. Kotter, J.R., 2007. Leading change-Why transformation efforts fail.Harvard business review,85(1), pp.96-100. Lane, M.R., Lane, P.L., Rich, J. and Wheeling, B., 2015. Improving assessment: Creating a culture of assessment with a change management approach.Journal of Case Studies in Accreditation and Assessment,4, p.1. Quinn, D., Amer, Y., Lonie, A., Blackmore, K., Thompson, L. and Pettigrove, M., 2012. Leading change: Applying change management approaches to engage students in blended learning.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,28(1), pp.16-29. Von Krogh, G., 2012. How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a strategic research agenda.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,21(2), pp.154-164.

Postmodern Cultural Studies free essay sample

Cultural Studies and the Academy 1. Cultural studies in the academies of the advanced capitalist countries has transformed the object of studies in the humanities. In particular, in English departments, cultural studies has challenged the predominance of the governing categories of literary studies (the canon, the homogeneous period, the formal properties of genre, the literary object as autonomous and self-contained) in the interest of producing readings of all texts of culture and inquiring into the reproduction of subjectivities. To this end, pressure has been placed on disciplinary boundaries, the methods which police these boundaries, and modes of interpretation and critique have been developed which bring, for example, economics and politics to bear on the formal properties of texts. In addition, the lines between high culture and mass culture have been relativized, making it possible to address texts in terms of their social effectivity rather than their inherent literary, philosophical or other values. We will write a custom essay sample on Postmodern Cultural Studies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. The two most significant categories which have supported these institutional changes have been ideology and theory. Althusserian and post-althusserian understandings of ideology, which defined ideology not in terms of a system of ideas or world view but in terms of the production of subjects who recognize the existing social world as the only possible and reasonable one, made possible the reading of texts in terms of the ways in which the workings of ideology determined their structure and uses. Marxist and post-structuralist theories, meanwhile, focused critical attention on the conditions of possibility of discourses, and upon the exclusions and inclusions which enable their articulation. In both cases, critique becomes possible insofar as reading is directed at uncovering the invisible possibilities of understanding which are suppressed as a condition of the texts intelligibility. 3. I support these efforts to transform the humanities into a site of ultural critique. I will argue that what is at stake in these changes is the uses of pedagogical institutions and practices in late capitalist society. If pedagogy is understood, as I would argue it should be, as the intervention into the reproduction of subjectivities, then the outcome of struggles over culture and cultural studies will determine whether or not the Humanities will become a site at which the production of oppositional subjectivities is made possible. Historically, the Humanities has been a site at which the contradictions of the subjectivities required by late capitalist culture have been addressed and managed. For example, the central concepts of post-World War Two literary criticism, such as irony, have the function of reducing contradictions to the complexity and irrationality of reality, thereby reconciling subjects to those contradictions. 4. However, these recent changes in the academy have been very partial and contradictory. They have been partial in the sense that much of the older or traditional modes of literary studies have remained untouched by these developments, or have only made some slight accommodations to them. They have also been contradictory in the sense that cultural studies has accommodated itself to existing practices, by producing new modes of fetishizing texts and preserving conservative modes of subjectivity. In this way, cultural studies continues to advance the ideological function of the modern Humanities in a changed social environment. . The right wing attacks these changes, chargingas in the ongoing PC scarethat the Humanities are abandoning their commitment to objectivity and the universal values of Western culture. My argument is that these commitments and values have been undermined by social developments which have socialized subjects in new ways while concentrating global socio-economic power within an ever-shrinking number of transnational corporations. The intellectual and political tendencies coordinated by cultural studies, then, are responding to these transformations by allowing academic business to go on as usual, and providing updated and therefore more useful modes of legitimation for capitalist society. 6. The contradictions of these changes in the mode of knowledge production need to be understood within the framework of the needs of the late capitalist social order. The emergence of theory and (post)Althusserian understandings of ideology reflected and contributed strongly to the undermining of liberal humanism (in both its classical and social-democratic versions) as the legitimating ideology of capitalism. The discrediting of liberal humanism, first under the pressures of anti-colonialist revolts and then as a result of the anti-hegemonic struggles in the advanced capitalist heartlands, revealed a deep crisis in authority and hegemony in late capitalist society. This discrediting also revealed the need for new ideologies of legitimation, free from what could now be seen as the naivete of liberal humanist universalism, now widely viewed as a cover for racist, sexist and anti-democratic institutions. 7. The institutional tendencies which have produced the constellation of practices which can be termed cultural studies have, then, participated both in the attack on liberal understandings and in the development of new discourses of legitimation. The liberal humanism predominant in the academy has increasingly been seen as illegitimate because it depends upon an outmoded notion of private individuality-that is, the modern notion of the immediacy with which the privileged text is apprehended by the knowing subject. In this understanding, literature is understood in opposition to science and technology, as a site where what is essential to our human nature can be preserved or recovered in the face of a social reality where this human essence (freedom) is perpetually at risk. However, the more scientific methods (like semiology) which have undermined the hegemony of new criticism in the American academy, largely through the use of modes of analysis borrowed from structuralist anthropology and linguistics, have themselves been discredited by postmodern theories as largely conservative discourses interested in resecuring disciplinary boundaries (for example, through the classification of genres) and protecting an empiricist notion of textuality. 8. Cultural studies, then, is the result of the combination of the introduction of theory and the politicization of theory enabled by these social and institutional changes. However, the postmodern assault on master narratives (theory) has responded to the discrediting of both structuralism and Marxism in a conservative political environment by redefining politics to mean the resistance of the individual subject to modes of domination located in the discursive and disciplinary forms which constitute the subject. This has opened up the possibility of a new line of development for cultural studies: one in which the local supplants the global as the framework of analysis and description or redescription replaces explanation as the purpose of theoretical investigations. I will argue that the set of discourses which have congealed into what I

Packaging design course Stuart Werle essay

Packaging design course Stuart Werle essay Packaging design course Stuart Werle essay Packaging design course Stuart Werle essayThe OCAD University is located in Toronto. Many art students want to study at the OCAD University. The Art Education Practice program in Humber College offers me a chance to attend one of the classes in OCAD of an Art educator, who teaches art at the OCAD University. Packing Design is a course that combines marketing and art. This course is about how to design or help to create a brand with the help of visual art to make the brand successful and very interesting. Mr. Stuart teaches the packaging design course. He has designed many drinks packaging and has forty years experience in packaging design. Stuart Werle is a successful packaging designer and art educator as well.The physical space setting of the classroom is useful. The most important thing is the design of the classroom that makes me think of art. The classroom is bright even without the light. Two big-sized triangle tables are in the middle of the room. They allow students to gather and communicate in the center area. There are three huge windows on the left side, blackboard next beside the platform, and projector sets on the right wall. In addition, the three-windows on the left wall caught my attention, when I entered the classroom for the first time, because the windows were painted by different colors, such as yellow, red, and green. When one gets closer to the window, the viewer or student can browse the view of CN tower clearly. Additionally, the back door and front door were painted by green color. Thus, the physical space was successful due to the colors used within the classroom. The decoration and design of the classroom contribute to the student’s inspiration, ideas and learning.The limitation of the space is the projector on the right wall, because the triangle table sets in the center of the classroom and chairs were surrounded by the table. Therefore, student, who face the windows can watch the PowerPoint harder, than students, who face th e projector directly and watch the PowerPoint clearly.Stuart Werle always has a lecture or discussion of the assignment with PowerPoint. If I can do any change, I would rearrange the setting of the classroom. I would move the projector to the front, so that everyone can watch the PowerPoint clearly. Overall, the setting and design of the classroom is perfect for art students. The small size of the room (compared with Lecture class) makes the educator closer to discuss and communicate with student. During the lecture, Stuart loves to use gestures to make his presentation more interesting. This kind of teaching method is a good way to get closer to student. In addition, I agree, when he says â€Å"who supports the brand, we support the brand, and the packaging designer supports the brand†.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, the day of observation of the art educator is the best lesson for me. I have learned what packaging design is and I have understood how art can relate to business. While observing other schools’ learning format and school designs, I was inspired by the idea of creating my micro-presentation for the next project.

Simple Conjugations of Danser, French for to Dance

Simple Conjugations of Danser, French for to Dance When you want to dance in French, which verb would you use? If you answered  danser, then youd be correct. The similarity of the English and French words makes it an easy one to remember. Its also a relatively simple verb to conjugate into the past, present, or future tense. Conjugating the French Verb  Danser Danser  is a  regular -er verb. It follows a standard verb conjugation pattern which is found in the majority of French verbs. This means that learning it is just a little easier, particularly if youve already memorized words like  dà ©cider  (to decide) and  cuisiner  (to cook). For the simplest verb conjugations, begin by identifying the verb stem:  dans-. To this, we will add a variety of infinitive endings to pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense of the subject. For instance, I dance becomes je danse while we will dance is nous danserons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je danse danserai dansais tu danses danseras dansais il danse dansera dansait nous dansons danserons dansions vous dansez danserez dansiez ils dansent danseront dansaient The Present Participle of  Danser Add the ending -ant  to the stem of  danser  to create the  present participle  dansant. This is a verb, though it can be an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common form of the past tense danced in French. To construct it, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  dansà ©. Its quite simple when it comes together. For example, I danced is jai dansà © and we danced is nous avons dansà ©. More Simple  Danser  Conjugations There may be times when you need to use one of the following forms of  danser  as well. However, the conjugations above should be your primary focus at first. You can use the subjunctive verb mood when the action of dancing is uncertain. In a similar fashion, the conditional verb mood implies that the dancing will only occur  if  something else happens. In literature, you may also come across the passà © simple or the imperfect subjunctive. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je danse danserais dansai dansasse tu danses danserais dansas dansasses il danse danserait dansa dansà ¢t nous dansions danserions dansà ¢mes dansassions vous dansiez danseriez dansà ¢tes dansassiez ils dansent danseraient dansà ¨rent dansassent For stating  danser  in short exclamations, requests, or demands, the imperative form is used. For instance, Lets dance! is Dansons ! When creating these, skip the subject pronoun as its implied in the verb itself. Imperative (tu) danse (nous) dansons (vous) dansez

Death and Dying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Death and Dying - Essay Example I have learned that the human soul actually does exist through readings, research, and acknowledgement of those who allegedly have experienced temporary demise and were eventually revived. When a person dies, that person allegedly enters a period of soul sleep, until the second coming of Christ, the day that was supposedly destined as a day of recollection, salvation, and eternal life. This refreshing discovery has not only changed my life, but has also helped me cope with the fears and any uncertainty of death. Through the experiences of loved ones, stories told of people who died, through readings, research, and studies conducted on the subject of death and the verge of dying, one’s awareness on the subject was immensely expounded. As a result, the previous fear, anxiety, confusion, and questions on the subject were diminished. One affirms that death is just a transition in man’s existence – a confirmation of the temporarily nature of the human body, whose functioning ultimately ends to a destiny where one is bound to

Essay on Typical Cell Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Typical Cell - Essay Example Additionally, each cell keeps its own instructions that enable it to carry out these tasks. The debate over typical cell has been present for several decades. Microbiology scientists in different factions have defined the basic cells with its components, while others argue that the definition of a typical cell is not definite. This paper discusses the basic structure and functioning of the cell to understand whether there is anything like a typical cell. The cell is the fundamental building block for all living organisms. Living cells are divided into two main categories: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Scientists believe that life on earth began some 4 billion years ago. Prokaryotic cells were the first cells to evolve in the world. These organisms did not have a nuclear membrane, the membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell. Bacteria cells are an example of prokaryotic organisms. However, the recent discovery of archaea (a second prokaryotic) proves that there was a third life of cel lular domain (Panno, 2005:41). Prokaryotes are single cell organisms that do not differentiate or develop to form multi-cellular organisms. Although some bacteria reside as masses of cells or grow in filaments, each single cell is similar to the other and has the capacity to exist independently. The reason behind the existence of the cells is the probability of not separating after cell division, or maybe they remained in a common slime or sheath (Cooper and Hausman, 2009:246). Despite their close arrangement to each other, they do not communicate or interact for continuity. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes based on nuclear structure and organization. Prokaryotes have the capability to inhabit everywhere on the planet, including our body surface. Prokaryotes lack the nuclear membrane. They also have no intracellular structure and organelles characteristic of eukaryotes. The functions of the organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and chloroplasts are delegated to the prokar yotic plasma membrane. A prokaryote has three main architectural regions: a cytoplasmic part that has the ribosome and cell genomes (deoxyribonucleic acid DNA), a cell envelope that has a plasma membrane, a cell wall, and a capsule, and appendages refered to as pili and flagella (Panno, 2005:67). On the other hand, eukaryotes have a more defined nuclear structure. Examples of eukaryotes include animals, plants, and unicellular organisms. Eukaryotes are approximately ten times larger than prokaryotes, and having up to 1000 times much volume. The major difference between the two is that eukaryotes have compartments within the membrane where particular metabolisms occur (Cooper and Hausman, 2009:290). A significant difference is the nucleus, which is a compartment delineated by the nuclear membrane. The nucleus houses the DNA of the eukaryotic cell, thus the name of the eukaryotes (true nucleus). The eukaryotes also have organelles, special small structures that perform specific functi ons within a cell. Eukaryotic cells have dozens of different types of these organelles. Eukaryotes were a major development on the life of living things as well as a key evolution concept. Eukaryotes use the same metabolic processes and genetic codes like prokaryotes, but their advanced organizational complexity allows development of multi-cellular organism (Cooper and Hausm